According to a July 2025 ICMR-NIE paper, Tamil Nadu should switch from seasonal to continuous ILI/SARI surveillance. The study examined surveillance capacity in 85 facilities and 23 labs, finding many limitations at primary care levels, with sampling and reporting inconsistent outside outbreak periods. 

Researchers called for infrastructure upgrades, regular training for healthcare workers, wider inclusion of private hospitals in reporting, and uniform data platforms to improve responsiveness to respiratory threats. 

Emphasizing a One Health approach, the study suggests institutionalizing feedback systems and digital tools to enable timely identification of emerging pathogens, pandemic preparedness, and inter-sectoral coordination.